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photo_4C0E134B_682F_4043_41CE_B556D2791B52.label = whales tooth ## Popup ### Body htmlText_77F31EA5_683F_40C7_41CE_A5605E3CFB64.html =
265 Exchange Street
This home was built for the family of Alexander Ramsey. Construction began in 1868 and was completed in 1872. The house is in an architectural style known as “French Second Empire,” which was enormously popular at the time.
Three generations of the Ramsey family lived here: Alexander and Anna Ramsey, their daughter Marion, and grandchildren Anita, Ramsey, and Laura Furness. None of Alexander Ramsey’s grandchildren had children of their own. When Anita Furness, the last surviving member of the Ramsey family passed away in 1964, she willed the house and everything in it to the Minnesota Historical Society.
Today, the house is one of the best-preserved Victorian homes in the world. The interiors have been restored to appear just as they did at the end of the 1800s, complete with over 14,000 original artifacts belonging to the family.
Explore the family tree to learn more about each family member.
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Marion Ramsey
This pastel portrait of Marion Ramsey was painted around 1870, when she was 17.
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Ostrich Egg
Exotic specimens and from nature and souvenirs from far off lands were popular as decorations and conversation starters in the late 1800s. This ostrich egg fits well in both categories.
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Beethoven Statue
In 1882, Marion Ramsey Furness and several of her music-loving friends formed a club they called “The Ladies Musicale,” which became Minnesota’s earliest recital-presenting organization. They soon re-named their organization, “The Schubert Club,” in honor of Franz Schubert.
Today, The Schubert Club continues as a non-profit organization offering concerts, music education, museum exhibits, and student scholarships. It is the oldest existing arts organization in the country.
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Epergne
This large decorative item is known as an epergne
(pronounced “ay-pairn”), and it would have been placed in the center of the table when entertaining guests. From the early 1800s through the early 1900s, no table of distinction was found without an epergne. Among its functions was to make it difficult to talk across the table, which was considered an insult to the hostess (who would have carefully arranged the seating chart, deciding who sits next to who).
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Justus Ramsey Portrait
This portrait is of Alexander Ramsey’s brother, Justus Cornelius Ramsey (1821-1881). Justus accompanied his brother to Minnesota in 1849, and found success as a surveyor, real estate speculator, and grocer. He also entered politics, serving in the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives in 1851, 1853, and 1857.
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Mozart Statue
In 1882, Marion Ramsey Furness and several of her music-loving friends formed a club they called “The Ladies Musicale,” which became Minnesota’s earliest recital-presenting organization. They soon re-named their organization, “The Schubert Club,” in honor of Franz Schubert.
Today, The Schubert Club continues as a non-profit organization offering concerts, music education, museum exhibits, and student scholarships. It is the oldest existing arts organization in the country.
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Mary Hutchinson Jenks
The stately oil portrait of Anna Ramsey’s grandmother, Mary Hutchinson Jenks, was painted in 1815. The fact that she holds a book is significant, indicating that she was literate. The Jenks family were Quakers, who highly valued education for both men and women. The size and quality of the painting indicates that Mary came from an affluent family.
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Acid-Etched Glass
The elaborate patterns and designs in this glass were formed through the process of acid etching, also known as “French embossing.” To form the image, wax is applied to a piece of glass wherever it is desired for the glass to remain clear. The whole glass is then submerged in hydrofluoric acid, which etches and “frosts” the glass except where the wax is present. The wax is then washed away.
This process was first described in the 1670s, but became popular in the 19th century as a decorative element in affluent homes.
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Alex Ramsey: Attorney at Law
This sign is a keepsake from Alexander Ramsey’s early law career. In 1839, Ramsey entered John Reed’s law school at Carlisle, Pennsylvania; that same year, he was admitted into the bar and began a private law practice.
Ramsey’s practice brought him into contact with local Whig politicians, who helped him obtain a position as a clerk for the House of Representatives in 1841. By 1842, Ramsey had Rahimself been elected as a Whig Representative in Congress, and would go on to serve two terms spanning from 1843 until 1847.
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Alexander Jenks Ramsey ("Sonny")
Nicknamed “Sonny,” Alexander Jenks Ramsey passed away at the age of four from the mumps. Sonny is shown in this portrait wearing the type of clothing that, at the time, was typical for both young girls and boys.
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Annie Robertson's Dress
This dress belonged to Annie Robertson, also known as Inga Swenson. Born in Sweden, Annie worked as a cook for the Ramsey family from 1889 until her death in 1926. Her birth and church records list her as “Inga Swenson,” whereas she always gave employers the name “Annie Robertson,” possibly in an attempt to sound “more American.”
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Annunciator (Call Board)
The call system connected the rest of the rooms in the house to the Kitchen area. It operated using a series of wires, weights, and pulleys within the walls of the house. When a hand crank was turned or a bell cord pulled in one of the “family” or “public” spaces in the house, a bell rang in the kitchen and one of the half-moon shapes on the callboard would rotate, revealing a room number. The servant could look at the callboard and see which room needed assistance.
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Back Stairs
These back stairs were mostly used by staff. Family and guests used the front stairs.
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Bathtub
This 1872 bathtub is made of tin. It was not until the 1880s that porcelain tubs could be made, after a process for bonding porcelain enamel to cast iron was invented.
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Blue Room
When the family moved into their new home in 1872, this room was used by Marion Ramsey, who was 19-years-old.
Marion had recently completed a “Grand Tour” of Europe, a term used to describe the travels of young people to see first hand the historical antiquities of Europe as part of their education. On their return to Washington, Marion was presented formally to society and when she returned to St Paul with her parents, she spent the next few years entertaining the young people of her social class in the new home. Marion charmed her friends with her musical skills as a singer and a pianist on her new Steinway grand piano.
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Bookcase
This bookcase was originally a door, leading into a walk-in dressing closet. However, this closet had windows but the second floor halfway did not. The closet wall was knocked down to provide light for the hall, and the doors were nailed shut and a bookcase installed.
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Call Bell
This bell was connected to one of the pull cords in the Ramsey master bedroom. If the Ramsey’s needed anything in the middle of the night, a servant was expected to respond.
When women quit domestic work, the most cited reason was “no time off.”
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Call System
The Ramsey house was originally “wired”—not for electricity, but with a sophisticated call system for the staff. The inner workings of this system can be seen here. A series of wires, weights, and pulleys within the walls connected the rest of the rooms in the house to the kitchen. When a hand crank was turned or a bell cord pulled in one of the “family” or “public” spaces in the house, a bell rang in the kitchen. The servant could look at the annunciator (callboard) on the other side and see which room needed assistance.
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Calling Card Tray
In middle and upper-class society of the late 1800s, it was considered improper to socialize with anyone to whom one had not been formally introduced. This introduction may be through a mutual acquaintance, or through a letter of introduction. However, the most common form of introduction was through the “calling card”—which served a purpose somewhere between a modern business card and a “friend request” on social media.
If you were hoping to become acquainted with someone, you might leave your calling card in a tray in their front hall. If that person sent their own card back, then you were allowed to “call” on that person (a short visit of no more than 10 minutes). Often calling cards contained a printed or handwritten note detailing when the person was available to receive callers.
A calling card tray was therefore an essential feature of every middle and upper-class front hall. If the tray was overflowing with cards, that was seen as a sign of a robust social life and high status (similar to a large number of friends or followers on social media today).
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Children's Books
When Alexander Ramsey was born in 1815, very few books were printed specifically for children, a reflection of how costly most books were. By the time his grandchildren were growing up, improvements in affordable printing technology led to an explosion in children’s literature. By the end of the century, many of these books featured full-color illustrations. Many traditional folktales and fairy tales, which had been told and retold orally for centuries, entered print for the first time during the 1800s.
This book, Jack and the Beanstalk, was a Christmas gift to Anita Furness in 1877, when Anita was two. The book is part of “Aunt Louisa’s Big Picture Series,” a series of picture books featuring fairy tales and moral stories for children. Other titles in the series included Puss in Boots, Rip Van Winkle, Yankee Doodle, Robinson Crusoe, Cinderella and The Story of the Three Bears.
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China Closet
Among the 14,000 original Ramsey family artifacts in the Ramsey House are many of the family’s original dishes, china, silverware, and glassware. This includes a 275 piece set of Limoges china from Haviland & Co., featuring an ‘R’ monogram on each piece.
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Cook's Bedchamber
This door led to the cook’s bedroom. The Cook was the highest paid of the domestic staff, and the only one who got her own bedroom. The Cook’s room had a potbellied stove for heat and a gaslight for illumination. The other servant bedrooms were without heat or light.
From 1889 until her death in 1926, the Cook was a woman named Annie Robertson. Her church records list her as “Inga Swenson.”
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Dining Room Table
Dining was a formal occasion in middle and upper class society. Guidebooks and newspaper etiquette columns advised people on the proper placement of dishes, silverware, glassware, as well as proper behavior. These rules were constantly evolving, much to the distress of many diners.
The table here is set for a quiet evening meal among family. If guests were present, the setting would grow much more elaborate. Leaves could be added to the table, which could seat eighteen people at its largest.
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Document Case
In 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed Ramsey as his Secretary of War. Ramsey served as head of the War Department until 1881. Among the items gifted to Ramsey after his appointment was this case, used to store rolled up documents.
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Doll House
When Laura Furness was four, she received this custom dollhouse for Christmas. Her mother, Marion, paid $25.00 for it (the same price as the icebox, or as the Coachman’s monthly salary).
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Doors to Bedrooms
These two doors are a remnant of the original plan, when this space was to be a dressing room. However, these doors were never used, but were instead nailed shut, with bookcases on the other side.
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Doors to Bedrooms
These two doors are a remnant of the original plan, when this space was to be a dressing room. However, these doors were never used, but were instead nailed shut, with bookcases on the other side.
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Eastlake-Style Furniture
Much of the furniture in the Ramsey House was purchased by Anna Ramsey in Philadelphia in 1872, shortly before the family moved into their new home. Anna felt it was essential that her new “mansion home” (as the family called it) be furnished in the latest, trendiest styles. Two entire boxcars of furniture were shipped from Philadelphia to St. Paul.
Many of the pieces of furniture show the influence of British designer Charles Eastlake (1836–1906). Eastlake’s trend-setting designs were detailed and ornate, but were composed of simple geometric ornaments and patterns that were easy to mass-produce with new machine-age technology. Eastlake’s 1872 book, Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery, and Other Details, was a bestseller that helped define the look of many homes from the 1870s-1890s.
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Elk's Head
This elk was shot by Henry Sibley, the first Governor of the State Minnesota, who subsequently mounted it and gave it to his political acquaintance, Alexander Ramsey, the second Governor of the State of Minnesota. Although the two men were often political rivals, they were close personal friends.
Alexander Ramsey’s granddaughter Laura Furness commented that she disliked the way the Elk head seemed to “stare down at her” while she ate. After her grandfather’s death, Laura moved the Elk out of the Dining Room and into the Front Hall.
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False Wall
When this room was converted from an office into a nursery for the Ramsey grandchildren, this false wall was erected to provide living quarters for a nursemaid and governess. The wall did not reach all the way to the ceiling so that the nursemaid or governess could hear the children easily.
One woman who worked as a nursemaid (childcare provider) for the Furness children was named Martha Clark Hall. Martha had been born Martha Clark in 1826 near Washington D.C. Although most African Americans in that time and place were enslaved, Martha appears to have lived her whole life as a free person. Martha had originally been hired by the Ramseys in 1854 as a nursemaid and governess for ten-year-old Marion. Martha later married Robert Hall, a barber in St. Paul.
Marion and Martha had developed a particularly close relationship, and the two stayed in touch over the years. When Marion returned to St. Paul with her children, one of her first actions was to hire Martha as a nursemaid for her children. Martha worked with the Furness children for four years, before passing away in 1885, at the age of 59.
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Family Photos
In 1870, Charles Furness presented himself to the Ramsey family through a letter of introduction from Charles Sumner, fellow Senator from Massachusetts::
“As Mr Charles Furness of Philadelphia is about to make his home in St. Paul, I volunteer this general introduction wishing to secure for him that welcome and trust which I am sure he deserves.”
Charles Furness landed a job as treasurer for succession of railroad companies that Alex Ramsey was involved in. Charles asked Alex if his daughter was available to give him lessons in German, arguing that this skill was necessary when dealing with foreign investors. He later admitted that this was a ruse to get closer to Marion.
Following a courtship, Marion and Charles were married in the Parlor of the Ramsey home on Marion’s twenty-fifth birthday, March 25, 1875. The couple moved to Philadelphia, and began a family. Their first child, Anita, was born in 1876, followed by Ramsey Furness in 1877, Charles, Jr., in 1879, and Laura in 1882.
The next few years were difficult ones for this young family. Little Charley died of Whooping Cough, also known as pertussis, and Charles Furness began struggling with mental illness (the exact details of his condition are not known). From 1883 onwards, Charles spent most of his time in various hospitals and treatment centers. Marion and her children moved back to Saint Paul and stayed with her mother and father.
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Family Portraits
These portraits show the family of Alexander Ramsey. They were painted in 1820, when Alex was five years old, in Ramsey’s hometown of Hummelstown, Pennsylvania. Young Alex is in the lower right corner.
This style of portraiture was affordable for people like Alex’s father, who was a blacksmith. Artists usually had a portfolio of bodies already painted, and merely added the heads on for a modest price.
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Footstool
This footstool was made by Alexander Ramsey in 1832, when he was 17 and learning the carpentry trade. Ramsey had just entered Lafayette College in Pennsylvania, which had a curriculum focused on combining skilled trades with academic knowledge. Ramsey only attended the college for a few months, but managed to be heavily involved in debate and literature clubs. These extracurricular clubs helped springboard him into local politics.
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Gaslight
The Alexander Ramsey House was originally equipped with gas lighting. Gas was provided by the St. Paul Gas Light Company, which had been co-founded in 1856 by Alexander Ramsey. The gas burned was coal gas, produced by superheating bituminous coal in the absence of air.
The St. Paul Gas Light Company expanded into electric service in 1882. The Ramsey House was electrified in bits and pieces starting around 1900, though the home was not fully electrified until the Minnesota Historical Society took over the property in 1965.
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Hand-Sewn Dolls
These hand-sewn dolls were made by Anna Ramsey during Marion’s childhood. The dolls were later passed on to Marion’s children. They clearly show the wear and tear that comes from being well-loved.
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Hot Water Heater
The Ramsey House was among the first homes in St. Paul to have hot and cold running water. The water, piped in by the city from Lake Phalen, was heated through the stove and stored in the copper hot-water storage tank located in the corner of the Kitchen.
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Ice Box
Historically, this ice box would have been stored in the basement, where it was much cooler. The ice box held a 100-lb. block of ice, delivered by the Peoples’ Ice Company of St. Paul. Under the ice box was a drain pan that would be emptied as the ice inside melted.
The ice would have been “harvested” or cut from lakes in Northern Minnesota. During warm-weather months, the blocks of ice were stored in ice houses or (here in St. Paul) in the caves by the rivers. The ice was buried in straw and sawdust to ward off melting.
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Ice Sign
This sign would have been placed in the window as a signal for the iceman to make a delivery. The Ramseys got their ice from The People’s Ice Company, and Mr. Nelson was the one delivering the 100-lb. blocks of ice to the back door of the house. Mr. Nelson ended up marrying Sophie Carlson, one of the Ramsey’s maids.
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Interior Design
In Victorian society, the parlor was a cultural symbol. Decor was carefully chosen to communicate status and cultural refinement. Anna Ramsey followed standard housekeeping advice in her selection of various ornamental items. Among the many symbols on display:
Classical Art- Artwork and designs from Ancient Greece and Rome was meant to demonstrate education and a connection to past civilizations
Portraits of European Nobility- Wealthy Americans were keen to establish themselves as heirs to “Old World” culture and emphasize continuity with a European past.
Religious Art- Artwork with religious themes demonstrated piety.
“Oriental” Art- The 19th century was an era of expanding Imperialism and global trade. Items from Asia and the Middle East demonstrated a global outlook.
Natural Specimens- The Ramseys lived during an era of scientific discovery. Items from nature were meant to display a curiosity about the natural world.
Books and Sheet Music- demonstrated education and cultural refinement.
Taken together, these design choices convey a carefully-curated representation of how wealthy European-Americans viewed themselves and wanted to be viewed by others.
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Irvine Park Neighborhood
The area known as Irvine Park was donated to the city of St. Paul by John Irvine in 1849. It was only a small park square, but it became the showcase of the Fort Road neighborhood. John Irvine switched from farming to real estate and sold lots around the square that he donated. He helped transform Irvine Park into St. Paul’s earliest, most fashionable residential area.
By the 1870s the Irvine Park neighborhood was the wealthiest in St. Paul. Besides the Ramsey family, other influential neighbors included: wealthy businessmen like Joseph Forepaugh and Abram Elfelt (dry goods sales), former Minnesota Governors Horace Austin and William Marshall, and Lafayette Emmit, the first Chief Justice of the Minnesota State Supreme Court. Wealthy St. Paulites wanted to live here in the 1870s. This changed in the late 1880s and early 1890s when Summit Avenue became the elite neighborhood in St. Paul.
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Kitchen Offices
The kitchen and all of its associated pantries and closets were referred to collectively as the “kitchen offices.” This was not somewhere the Ramsey family would ever need to enter, but was the domain of the domestic employees. This small room, where food was laid out and dishes washed, was sometimes known as a scullery or a butler’s pantry.
When designing the house, Anna Ramsey requested the architect place the kitchen on the first floor, which was a new style. Earlier large homes typically had the kitchen either in the basement (more common in the North) or as a separate building (more common in the South), so that dinner guests would not be bothered by the smells, heat, and noise associated with food preparation. This also helped keep potential pests away from the main part of the house. However, by the 1870s keeping your kitchen close was recommended by domestic influencers such as Sarah Hale, Catherine Beecher, and Fannie Farmer (these women were the Martha Stewarts or Rachael Rays of their day).
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Letters
Letter writing was the main form of long-distance communication. Thousands of letters from the Ramsey family are held in the collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. These letters are one of the main sources of our knowledge about the family’s personal lives.
Relatively few letters survive written between Alex and Anna Ramsey, indicating that they were usually together and thus had no need to write. One poignant exception comes from 1849, shortly after the Ramsey’s came to Minnesota. On Christmas Day, 1849, Anna wrote to Alex, who was touring the territory for political reasons:
"My dear but very negligent Husband;
Oh, Alex, could thee be here and know how we suffer with cold, thee would never want to winter again in St. P[aul]. I know I will not. I nearly froze to death in bed as well as out. Today is Christmas, and such a one, making a shirt for thee and nothing in the house to eat but strong butter and coffee without cream. Every
potato and vegetable is frozen up. My health is not very good. I suffer so much with headaches. I do hope thee will hasten home; it is such forlorn living alone in such a horrid place as this. I think it intolerable…..
I tell thee now, thee shall never leave
me again so long. I will not stay."
After this trip, Alex remained by Anna’s side, with the exception of a trip Ann and her daughter Marion made to Europe together in 1869-1870.
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Lounge
“A couch or lounge is quite necessary in a bedroom, in order that the bed may be kept immaculate…throwing oneself down on it (the bed) for an afternoon nap is no improvement to snowy covers and gives a generally untidy appearance.” –Ella Church, How to Furnish a Home, 1882
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Magic Lantern
“Magic Lanterns” were the forerunner to the modern-day slide projector. Magic Lantern shows became popular throughout the world. Teachers, artists, and actors all created shows—either for lecture events or pure entertainment—and presented the events in schools, town halls, and other community venues. (Some of these shows were so popular people traveled for miles to see the event).
As with most technology, Magic Lanterns did eventually become more affordable. By the early 1900s they could be found in many middle and upper-class households.
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Map of Minnesota Territory
The Territory of Minnesota was created by Congress in 1849. The original borders of the territory, as shown on this map from 1850, stretched to the Missouri River, covering areas that were later parts of the states of North and South Dakota.
When the new territory was created, President Zachary Taylor appointed thirty-four year old Alexander Ramsey as Governor. Ramsey had been heavily involved in Taylor’s 1848 campaign, chairing Taylor’s Pennsylvania election committee. It was partly due to his work that Taylor’s bid for president was successful, and this appointment was his reward.
While this position may seem prestigious, not many were enthusiastic about overseeing an underdeveloped territory. When Ramsey told his wife, Anna, about his appointment, she expressed her confusion over where they would be headed: “Minnesota? Where is that? I have never heard of such a place before? Is it in America or Germany?”. Nonetheless, Ramsey, Anna, and their young son moved to St. Paul in 1849.
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Northwest Bedchamber
This room was initially used as a guest bedroom. When Marion moved back in 1881, this room was used by her.
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Parlor
A parlor was a space for entertaining. Wealthy families such as the Ramseys used their parlor for dances, parties, weddings, funerals, and even theatrical performances.
On Easter Monday 1875, Marion Ramsey married railroad executive Charle Eliot Furness in the parlor. After the ceremony, an opera was performed by a touring company. Anna Ramsey later wrote to Marion about the opera, saying that she had “made up my mind that there would never be anything of the kind in my house; to me it was worse than six weddings.”
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Pocket Doors
These pocket doors divide two rooms: The Reception Room and the Library. Unless entertaining a large number of guests, these doors would have remained shut. The Reception Room was a mostly public space, meant for receiving callers on semi-formal visits.
In contrast, the Library was a private, family space for reading and relaxing.
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Porcelain Doll
This porcelain doll was a childhood toy of Marion Ramsey Furness. She named it “Anna Ramsey,” something her mother did not appreciate.
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Portraits of Alex and Anna
This large portrait of Alexander Ramsey was painted in 1853, when Alex was 38. The much smaller portrait of Anna Ramsey was painted in 1860, when Anna was 34.
It was common for a man’s portrait to be much larger and hung higher than the portrait of his wife, a reflection of Victorian gender roles.
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Portraits of Anna Ramsey's Parents
These portraits are of Anna Ramsey’s parents, Michael Hutchinson Jenks and Mary Ridgeway Jenks. At the time it was rare for husband and wife to have portraits painted the same size and hung side-by-side; the convention was for the husband’s portrait to be larger and hung higher as a reflection of their role as “head of household.”. This choice may come from the Jenks family’s Quaker beliefs, which emphasized equality of the sexes to a greater degree than mainstream Victorian society.
Michael Hutchinson Jenks was a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from central Pennsylvania who served in Congress at the same time as a young Alexander Ramsey. Through their political association, Ramsey got to know the Jenks family, which is how he met Anna. Anna and Alex married in 1845. Coming from a much wealthier family, Anna brought $8,000 to their marriage, which Ramsey invested in real estate in Minnesota. This investment provided the bulk of the Ramsey family wealth for the next three generations.
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Potbelly Stove
This coal-burning stove was used to heat the room in the wintertime. In the summer, the stove would be packed away into storage, and a decorative cover placed over the stovepipe hole in the wall.
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Primary Bedchamber
This primary bedchamber was shared by Alex and Anna Ramsey. This was a somewhat unusual arrangement for the time; in the Victorian era, separate bedrooms for husband and wife were the norm in upper class homes.
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Pull Cords
These red cords were used to summon a servant. One cord, for use during the day, was connected to the callboard in the Kitchen. The other, for use at night, was connected to a bell in the servants’ bedroom.
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Radiator Cover
The parlor was originally heated by steam radiators, located under these decorative covers. The two fireplaces in this room were merely ornamental, and never used.
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Ramsey and Lincoln
Alexander Ramsey worked closely with Abraham Lincoln at several points, especially during the Civil War, when Lincoln was President and Ramsey was Governor of Minnesota.
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Ramsey's Office
Alexander Ramsey was a politician. It was his job to create policies- law or rules that affected people's lives. Some of these policies helped people. Some hurt people. And some of his policies helped one group of people at the same time as hurting another group of people.
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Rear Attic
This leads to an attic above the rear section of the house, which was used for storage. In the 1920s, a bathroom for the servants was added into this space.
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Reception Room
The Reception Room was set up primarily to receive callers. “Calling” was an important part of middle and upper class society. Short visits (etiquette books recommended no more than ten minutes) provided a way to stay in touch and network with friends and acquaintances.
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Safe
This safe was originally used by Ramsey in the National Hotel in Washington D.C, where the family lived during Ramsey’s time as Secretary of War (1879-1881). Ramsey originally hoped to bring the safe to his upstairs office, but the safe weighed too much to haul up the stairs.
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Seamstress Space
This area was used as a workspace by a seamstress who mended clothes and made alterations. This job was what was known at the time as a “day worker”—a freelancer who returned to their own home at night, as opposed to “live in” workers such as the cooks and maids.
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Senator Ramsey's Office / Nursery
When the Ramsey family first moved into the house, Alexander Ramsey was a US Senator, and this room was his Minnesota office. The shelves once held his many volumes of law books.
When Alexander Ramsey’s grandchildren moved into the home with their mother in 1881, Ramsey’s old office was turned into a nursery for Anita, Ramsey, and Laura Furness. The Furness children likely slept in this room when they were young, monitored by a nursemaid or governess, before transitioning to some of the second floor bedrooms.
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Servant Call Crank
These cranks would summon a servant using the call system. There are two cranks in this room, in case the room were to be divided.
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Servant's Bedchamber
The Ramsey House usually had 4-6 hired servants: a cook, sometimes a second cook, a gardener, and an upstairs and downstairs maid. When the Furness grandchildren moved in around 1881, Marion and her father then employed a nursemaid and governess.
This room would have been shared by two or three women. Domestic work at the time was strictly gendered; most jobs inside the home went only to unmarried women. The male staff (gardener, coachman) shared a similar space above the Carriage House.
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Servant's Bedchamber
This room, like the one next to it, was a bedroom shared by two or three women employed as domestic servants.
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Service Window and Privacy Screen
When serving guests, the door to the kitchen would always be kept closed. Food was instead passed through the small service window to a staff member in the Dining Room who was literally waiting upon the family. This would be done behind a moveable privacy screen.
The Ramsey family lived in a time when hiring at least one full-time, live-in domestic servant was considered a basic requirement of middle class living. As a wealthy family, the Ramseys usually employed between 4-6 women in the house as cooks, cooks assistants, and maids, and 2-3 men as groundskeeper, coachman, and valet.
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Side Entrance
Each of the four doors in the Ramsey House served a separate function. This side door was used by domestic servants. The front door was for family and guests. The opposite side door was for business visits, and the back door was for deliveries.
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Sink
The Irvine Park neighborhood (where the Ramsey House is located) was the first neighborhood in St. Paul to receive running water, piped in from Lake Phelan. That lake was considered the cleanest body of water in the area. Because the lake was at a higher elevation, there was enough water pressure to go up to the second floor of the house. The neighborhood also had a sewage system that took waste from these homes right into the Mississippi River.
No pumps or wells were used at the house. Having water indoors was quite a time-saver for the servant staff.
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Southwest Bedchamber
This room was initially used as a guest bedroom, and later as Laura Furness’ bedroom.
In 1878, then-President Rutherford B. Hayes and his wife Lucy Hayes stayed in this room as guests during a cross-country trip. Ramsey must have impressed the President, because a year later Hayes appointed Ramsey as his Secretary of War.
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Speaking Tube
The Speaking Tube was another feature used to call servants. The tube connected the Ramsey Bedchamber with the Kitchen. No other rooms had speaking tubes. The idea was based on call systems used on ships, for communication between decks.
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Spice Cabinet
Only the head Cook and Anna Ramsey had keys to this cabinet. Many homes had special ingredients like spices and seasonings kept under lock and key. The family would want to
know when expensive ingredients were being used, and in what quantities.
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Staircase
Victorian architecture prized appearance over safety and functionality. The ceilings in the front hall are fifteen feet high, meant to communicate wealth and status. The banister on the front stairs is deliberately low to give the illusion that the ceilings are even higher.
The back half of the house—only used and seen by the family and staff—has much shorter ceilings, and a far more utilitarian staircase.
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Stairs to Nowhere
A skylight gives the false impression that these stairs lead to another floor. In reality, they only lead to a small attic crawl space.
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Steinway Piano
This grand piano was purchased in 1872 as a gift for Marion Ramsey, who had been taking piano and singing lessons for several years. Mr. Ramsey paid $1,400 dollars for the piano and a five-year warranty. The piano still plays beautifully 150 years later.
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Stereoscope
Three-dimensional photography was invented shortly after the invention of the photograph itself, and 3D images, known as stereographs or stereocards, were immensely popular into the 20th century. In the 1870s, it was not uncommon for people to throw “photo viewing parties,” where guests would all bring their favorite stereographs to show and share. Stereographs were often sold in themed packages, and popular genres included travelogue, posed dramatic scenes, and, of course, cats and dogs in humourous poses.
The Ramsey stereoscope is a deluxe double stereoscope with a rotating selection of cards. Turning the knob on turned a rotating chain with holders for the stereoviews, bringing new stereocards successively into view. Mirrors and a prism allowed two viewers to see the same image at once through eye holes on both sides of the device.
Featured here is a stereograph of Marion Ramsey, circa 1860.
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Swedish Bible
This bible, printed in Swedish, was owned by one of the Ramsey servants. Most of the domestic staff were recent immigrants. In particular, many of the workers were from Sweden.
Compared to other jobs open to women at the time, domestic workers tended to be paid relatively well, and room and board was included. And yet, if women could get any other types of jobs, even for lower pay, they typically took them. As a result, most domestic workers tended to come from groups that had fewer opportunities due to societal prejudice; in the North most domestic workers were recent immigrants, and most in the South were African American.
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The 1851 Home
The present Ramsey House is not the first home built by the Ramsey family on this property. The Ramsey built their first Minnesota house in 1851, on the site currently occupied by the modern parking lot. Prior to moving into this house, the Ramseys stayed in an apartment above a downtown tavern, and with Ramsey’s personal friend and sometimes political rival, Henry Sibley.
A two-story wood frame home with a large front porch modeled after similar homes in New England, the house was quite large for 1851, when the population of St. Paul was under 500. By the late 1860s, however, Ramsey felt that his Minnesota house was no longer dignified enough to reflect his status as a US Senator and former state Governor. Construction on what the family called their “mansion house” began in 1868, and finished in 1872. The family’s earlier house was sold off and moved across the street, only to be torn down a few years later.
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The Kitchen
The Kitchen was a workspace for the Cook and the Assistant Cook (and sometimes, if preparing for a large party, extra staff hired just for the occasion). In many homes the kitchen also served as an eating space, workspace, and even a space to do laundry, but the Ramseys’ kitchen was used for food preparation only. The Ramsey family ate their meals in the Dining Room, and the servants ate in their own eating space, across the side hall.
By the 1870s and 1880s, cooking had become a little easier. Standardized measurements had been introduced, better stoves and ovens were being manufactured (even gas ovens were available!), and food technology had improved. Railroads now crossed the country, and fruits and vegetables could be shipped to St. Paul from places like California and the Gulf Coast. Food could come in from Europe – extra-virgin olive oil from Italy and mushrooms from France. Not everyone could afford to have these items in their homes, but it was exciting to see them in grocery stores!
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The Paintings
In 1873, Alexander Ramsey bought a lot of eight paintings for $215.25, acquiring an instant gallery, a certain sign of gentility. Other paintings were purchased over the years from bargain auctions and art students; many of these are student copies of famous paintings.
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The Ramsey House
Three generations of the family lived here: Alexander and Anna Ramsey, their daughter Marion Ramsey Furness, and their grandchildren, Anita Ramsey and Laura Furness. Today, the interiors have been restored to appear just as they did at the end of the 1800s, complete with over 14,000 original artifacts belonging to the family.
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The Snuggery
According to the original house plans and blueprints, this area was supposed to be a dressing room for Marion Ramsey, with a wall located where the archway is. That plan was altered, and instead, the space became a sitting area and sewing space for Anna Ramsey which she called the “snuggery.” She could write letters in this space and also meet with very good friends.
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The Vestibule
This small chamber and double set of doors helped keep the house warm in the winter and cool in the summer by limiting airflow from the outside. The room also allowed one's eyes to adjust to the relative darkness of the interior.
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The Washington Family
This is an engraving taken from a famous painting by Edward Savage, painted in 1789-1790. The original is in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.
It is not accidental that this painting of an American President is hung directly across from–and on the same level as–engravings of European nobility. Early on in United States history, Americans worked hard to distance themselves from European culture, but by the nation’s centennial many white Americans sought to emphasize continuity with the “Old World” and connect their culture to Europe’s traditions.
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Toys
The Furness children grew up at a time when the market for mass-produced children’s toys was expanding rapidly. Many of the toys in this room were purchased at local department stores.
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USS Constitution Box
In 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed Ramsey as his Secretary of War. Ramsey served as head of the War Department until 1881. Among the items gifted to Ramsey after his appointment was this wooden box, made from wood removed from the USS Constitution. Anna Ramsey stored her sewing supplies in the box.
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Wallpaper
This is the only original wallpaper remaining in the Ramsey House today. The walls in the rest of the house were painted over by Anita and Laura Furness in the early 20th century. The Minnesota Historical Society has since digitally recreated all of the original wallpaper in the rest of the house, based on samples found under the layers of paint.
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Water Closet
The Ramsey House was among the first in Saint Paul to have a flushing toilet. (At the time, it would have been known as a water closet, and the word toilet referred to the larger room.) While the Ramsey House did have two flushing toilets, they were attached to specific bedrooms. Most guests and family would have used chamber pots.
Flushing toilets have existed as a luxury item since ancient times, but the modern device came into being in 1775 with the invention of the sideways ‘S’ bend pipe, which uses a water trap to keep odors from coming up. After this invention, flushing toilets became popular as soon as indoor plumbing was available.
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Whale's Tooth
The commercial whaling industry peaked in the mid 1800s. Sperm Whales were hunted for their oil (used in lighting and as a lubricant) and whalebone (baleen), used in corsets and other garments requiring lightweight and flexible supports. Whale’s teeth made for popular decoration.
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What's Back Here?
This door originally led to a closet. In the 1950s, Alexander Ramsey’s granddaughters Laura and Anita Furness (who still lived in the home) installed a small elevator in this space. In 1965, the Minnesota Historical Society removed the elevator and installed a bathroom, which remains today.
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Woodwork
The woodwork in the first few rooms of the Ramsey House is black walnut, with butternut inlays. This was some of the most expensive wood available at the time.
This expensive wood is found only in rooms that guests might have seen. Pine—the cheapest available wood—is used throughout the rest of the house, though it usually features hand-painted wood grain so that it appears to be maple or other costlier woods.
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