#: locale=en
## Action
### URL
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## E-Learning
### Answer
questionOption_FD67C271_DB9E_A403_41E7_864F77BA6F03.text = Alluvial fan
questionOption_FC6B8361_DB83_6403_41E3_AC6A6F56B512.text = Box folds
questionOption_FCFADD51_DB83_BC03_41B0_5F0F77868CD8.text = Chevron folds
questionOption_9944B673_8DD6_9202_41B0_0F50A4382F6E.text = Cretaceous and Silurian
questionOption_9C41B7F4_8DEF_B206_41D2_1D49ADD5C20F.text = Dolomites
questionOption_FCE06F8C_DB9E_FC01_4175_4A2356392982.text = Fluvial
questionOption_F3C4402B_DB81_A407_41E4_4CA0B131FCA5.text = Lacustrine
questionOption_FC7069BF_DB9E_A47F_41C7_28EACB16426C.text = Marine
questionOption_99DE3BC3_8DEA_9202_41DC_274F885DB85C.text = Molasse Basin
questionOption_9E655858_8DEB_9E0E_41D3_4FE73EE8B692.text = Northern Calcareous Alps
questionOption_99EFADBB_8DD9_7602_41C5_4C1D3C762DF8.text = Quaternary and Silurian
questionOption_98C29541_8DDF_967E_41E0_DBFEE232DEAD.text = Quaternary and Cretaceous
questionOption_F3EF7169_DB82_A403_41DC_9E81526A2C44.text = Recumbent folds
questionOption_9E7FFF71_8DEA_921E_41D6_1114B4F53F5B.text = Southern Calcareous Alps
questionOption_9E3A095E_8DD6_9E02_41D8_79FE052B32B6.text = Tauern Window
questionOption_998D7035_8DDB_6E06_41C3_AF25A66B1A0F.text = Tertiary and Cretaceous
questionOption_99B1E609_8DD9_720E_41E0_0619C5795103.text = Tertiary and Quaternary
questionOption_FC0448E7_DB83_A40F_41A8_9E9DEB2251AC.text = deposition - diagenesis - folding - uplift - erosion
questionOption_FCB5C039_DB82_E403_41E2_C68103AB0CA9.text = diagenesis - deposition - uplift - folding - erosion
questionOption_FDDD900F_DB82_E41F_41D0_F877330A4581.text = erosion - uplift - deposition - folding - diagenesis
questionOption_FC9565B0_DB83_6C01_41E0_2CD737D18D4C.text = folding - deposition - diagenesis - erosion - uplift
### Question
question_F33FF784_DB9F_EC01_41B3_8B90C4DFF5DA.title = In what kind of environment were these sediments deposited?
question_98CF67AE_8DD7_9202_41E0_E588DE39241F.title = What are the ages of the main geological units you will encounter on this trip?
question_9F86B754_8DE9_9206_41D8_DA4EA24AA01E.title = What is the name of this portion of the Alps?
question_FC6309A8_DB81_6401_41DD_E5EDC40560B4.title = What is the sequence of events that can be reconstructed at this outcrop?
question_FDE163B4_DB83_A401_41D6_91C4993786A1.title = What type of folds are present at this outcrop?
### Question Screen
quizQuestion_FDE6DDDC_DB81_7C01_41EA_F4797BBBC085.ok = OK
### Report Screen
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.title = - SCORE -
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.completion = Completed
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.questionsCorrect = Correct
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.downloadCSV = Download .csv
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.questionsIncorrect = Incorrect
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.items = Items Found
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.questions = Questions
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quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.submitToLMS = Submit
quizScore_FDE0FDDD_DB81_7C03_41D7_A46DD169A948.elapsedTime = Time
### Score Name
score1.label = Lainbachtal VFT
### Timeout Screen
quizTimeout_FDE5BDDC_DB81_7C01_41A6_E9355DA1061A.title = - TIMEOUT -
quizTimeout_FDE5BDDC_DB81_7C01_41A6_E9355DA1061A.repeat = Repeat
quizTimeout_FDE5BDDC_DB81_7C01_41A6_E9355DA1061A.score = View Score
## Hotspot
### Tooltip
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HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_0FF167EE_19A1_6014_41A2_0A127DC67B65.toolTip = Go to Stop 1
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_DE867477_C1FC_C432_41D7_DD56E193419D.toolTip = Go to Stop 2
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_16CA9A60_19AF_200C_419D_3A998CD41CC3.toolTip = Go to Stop 6
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D92CAE4B_FF96_1296_41E9_F35F0C23BA5B.toolTip = Hand sample
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D2ED7BAE_FF72_11EE_41E2_F8D04135FAB1.toolTip = Hand sample
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_DEEC0E16_B0A6_8E60_41CE_4D6E3F04FFDF.toolTip = How to use your field notebook
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_9D02588E_8DEA_FE02_41BE_2A56EF96B2AD.toolTip = Quiz
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FF64E626_DB86_AC01_41BC_822015D6AB76.toolTip = Quiz cards
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_0FD7A8A3_19BF_200C_41B6_D2C575B5C104.toolTip = Read info board
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_29C37AFF_1E5C_09C0_4164_C2250C515E7E.toolTip = Sketching an outcrop
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_047E7830_150F_2F3E_41A4_3CCA564B2B56.toolTip = Stop description - read first
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_57119EE6_4630_1D1F_41C0_8C9F12512232.toolTip = Toilet
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_526DE90E_4630_072F_41CE_9A066E59A342.toolTip = parking meter
HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_D40519F3_C52A_AD2D_41D9_519EA90EFED7.toolTip = watch an LMU video about measuring the orientation of beds using apps and compasses (link)
## Media
### Audio
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### Floorplan
### Image
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### Popup Image
### Title
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map_D637E18C_CFBD_449B_41C0_6C965880AED7.label = Location map with stops
panorama_DB4D9EEB_C2EE_2B40_41DB_EC928FA99F1C.label = STOP 3: Folds
panorama_1EA3C51E_1503_26E2_4180_5E375821C710.label = Trailhead
photo_72F051E8_610F_D871_41C6_6BE6B8CFDE4F.label = belt bag
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photo_54BBDDF7_4630_3EFD_41D0_86D11FCB32E0.label = toilet
photo_DF1FDC6E_B0A3_92A1_41BB_B4667A582695.label = trailhead_example_flood_indicators
### Video
videolevel_D11864BB_CFBC_CCFD_41E9_1BD2677EF801.url = media/video_2C2CFCAA_1E2C_0840_4190_ACDFC2F15B11_en.m3u8
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## Popup
### Body
htmlText_0685D05F_150F_1F62_41A7_EDA800841AA4.html = Trailhead
The Lainbachtal trail is the forest road to your left. There is an info board here (click on animated double arrow on road to read it).
The valley is part of the Northern Calcareous Alps, and contains outcrops of Cretaceous rocks and Quaternary sediments, both of which will be the topic of several exercises during this field trip. A summary of the geology of this area is provided in this pdf file.
Beyond this point there are no sources of food and water along your field trip path, and few places suitable for toilet stops.
__________________
There are two types of stops in this trip: "hard rocks" and "Quaternary", depending on whether the main topic concerns hard rocks (and their formation and deformation) or Quaternary sediments, geomorphology, and human activities.
Hard rock stops (2, 3, 4, 5, 7) are numbered in geological order (i.e. by geological time, from oldest to youngest), not in the order they are encountered along the road.
Within each scene however the "previous/next" arrows will send you to the stop that is physically right before or right after the current one, so use the stop list icons on the right side of your screen (or the drop down list above the location map) if you want to move in geological order.
Tasks at hard rock stops are labeled with "H" (e.g. Task H1), and at Quaternary stops with "Q" (e.g. Task Q1). Tasks that are repeated the same way at different places keep the same letter and number (so you may find a "Task H1" for example at more than one stop).
________________
Before you cross the bridge (virtually, or physically in the field), follow the path that from the parking lot leads to a side stream bed (find and click on animated arrow) where high water marks (needed for tasks at Quaternary stops 1, 6 and 8) can be studied safely.
Also, you should read the link provided (blue icon next to stop description icon), which gives you the basic of setting up and using a field notebook.
Before you move on to the next virtual stop, answer the quiz. If you answer correctly, you will be taken to the first stop directly.
You can check your score at any stop by using the "current score" button. If you close the VFT, however, all scores will be reset. If you want to close the file and still keep track of scores, you can save each separate session by taking a screenshot of the scores before closing.
STOP 3 - Folded beds of Tristel Formation (Lower Cretaceous)
This outcrop (find its 3D model) is made of the same rocks that we saw at STOP 2: alternating layers of marl and claystone (find the 3D models of each rock type on the outcrop), which represent a sequence of carbonatic turbidites.
Afterwards these sediments were buried, underwent diagenesis, and later were deformed: they are now folded into chevron folds. When rocks fold, they can break too: can you find signs of this kind of damage (e.g. veins or cracks) in the outcrops and hand samples of this valley?
Once you have completed your virtual tasks and answered the quiz, in the VFT move to STOP 4.
_______________
Beginning with this outcrop, you are asked to carry out geologic compass measurements in the field.
You can use your own smartphone for this, as long as you download, install and test a reliable geologic compass app before you go to the field. Keep phone away from sources of electronic interference (e.g. overhead power lines) and from metal objects, which screw up the phone magnetometer just as they would screw an analog compass.
The recommended apps for iPhone are Lambert (heading / dip), StereonetMobile (RHR strike / dip), FieldMove Clino (dip / dip direction or dip / RHR strike).
For Android phones the only choice is FieldMove Clino.
In parentheses above is the measurement convention for each compass. The different ways of measuring and expressing the orientation of a plane can be found in this article. When you write down a measurement, the convention of your compass must be clearly communicated (for example, you can annotate that information in a corner of your spreadsheet, and write it in your field notebook).
More information on these compass apps is included in the VFT pdf guide (appendix 2). A short video of how to measure an inclined layer in the field is linked to this scene (find the video).
_______________
TASK H1 (in VFT): sketch this outcrop. If you forgot how to do that, the same video as at STOP 2 is provided here. In the field, take a compass measurement on each limb (i.e. each "side") of the fold at the road level, and write it on your sketch, marking the position on the sketch where the measurement was taken.Your worksheet has some space for entering the measurements too. Tip: each of the 2 scales (elongated strips with targets on them) is 30 cm long from end to end; a compass (for orientation) is under your feet.
TASK H3: for both rock types present at this outcrop (marl and claystone), generate a rock description by answering the following questions (use your worksheet to do this; it contains a shortened version of the same questions). Most questions can be answered during the virtual trip, but a few require going to the field.
1) What is the rock color on a fresh surface?
2) What is the rock color on a weathered surface?
3) In what grain size classification does the rock fall (e.g. "coarse sand", "fine sand", "silt", "clay", etc.)?
4) Are there any laminations visible? If yes, at what scale (i.e. mm, cm).
5) Are any other sedimentary structures visible on hand sample or outcrop (e.g. flute casts, mudcracks, ripple marks, etc.)?
6) What is the ypical bed thickness in outcrop?
7) How hard is the rock relative to the other type/s present at this outcrop? How can you tell?
8) Does the rock (hand sample or outcrop scale) show any signs of brittle damage (i.e. breaking)? If yes, what brittle features can you observe?
9) Does the rock react with HCl? What is the HCl concentration that you are using?
Parking meter: parking in this lot needs to be paid. If you plan to drive to location, bring coins or card.
How to sketch an outcrop
Here is the basic geologic sketch of a real outcrop in the Lainbachtal (it is between stops 6 and 8).
Any geologic sketch must contain these elements: scale, orientation, labels, and a descriptive title. It is not art, but rather a representation of the essential geologic features (so no need for a full perspective view, shadows, etc.).
Tip: to start and stop the movie, click (once) on it.
Before sediments can undergo diagenesis they need to be deposited...
Before you can erode a rock you need to form it...
Recently installed compostable toilet: this is the only facility in the area. Along the trail in the valley there is nothing.
Rocks that do not yet exist cannot be folded.
Some high water markers can be found at this location. Such markers can be clumps of dead vegetation and/or trash trapped in bushes, tree branches, or against tree trunks, or (as in the photo here) dead grass and small plants flattened in the direction of water flow. Look not only near your feet, but also at eye level: floods can reach any height.